Spanish A1: Foundations

Greetings & Introductions

Spanish greetings change with the time of day and how formal the situation is. Start with these core phrases and you can open almost any conversation.

Notice that Spanish has no equivalent of the English "good afternoon/evening" split at 5pm — buenas tardes runs until it gets dark, which in Spain can mean 9pm in summer.

Vocabulary

Hola
Hello
Buenos días
Good morning
Buenas tardes
Good afternoon
Buenas noches
Good evening / good night
Adiós
Goodbye
Hasta luego
See you later
Por favor
Please
Gracias
Thank you
De nada
You are welcome
Lo siento
I'm sorry

Example Phrases

  • ¿Cómo te llamas?

    What is your name?

  • Me llamo Ana.

    My name is Ana.

  • ¿Cómo estás?

    How are you?

  • Estoy bien, gracias.

    I'm well, thank you.

  • Mucho gusto.

    Nice to meet you.

Grammar note

Tú vs. usted

Spanish has two ways to say you. Use tú with friends, family, and peers. Use usted in formal situations, such as speaking with someone older or in a professional setting.

The verb changes with it: ¿Cómo estás? (tú) becomes ¿Cómo está? (usted), and ¿Cómo te llamas? becomes ¿Cómo se llama? When in doubt, usted is the safer choice until the other person invites you to use tú.

Cultural note

Two kisses, or a handshake?

In Spain, friends and family typically greet with a kiss on each cheek (starting with the right). In most of Latin America it's a single kiss, and in professional settings across the Spanish-speaking world a handshake is standard.

Following the other person's lead is always safe — nobody expects a learner to know the local default.